Linear Modulus of Subsoil Reaction
The modulus of subsoil reaction at a depth z is given by the equation:
where: | d | - | pile diameter [m] |
l | - | length of the pile [m] | |
k | - | soil parameter (modulus) according to Bowles [MN/m3] | |
r | - | reduced width of the pile [m], which is given by the equation: |
where: | d | - | pile diameter [m] |
β | - | angle of dispersion - is input with respect to the angle of internal friction in the range of φ/4 to φ |
A representative range of values of lateral modulus k [MN/m3] according to Bowles (for piles up to 500 mm diameter):
dense sandy gravel | 220 - 400 |
medium dense gravel | 155 - 300 |
medium-graded sand | 110 - 280 |
fine sand | 80 - 200 |
stiff clay | 60 - 220 |
saturated stiff clay | 30 - 110 |
plastic clay | 40 - 140 |
saturated plastic clay | 10 - 80 |
soft clay | 2 - 40 |
Literature:
Bowles, J. E.: Foundations Analysis and Design. 5th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1997, ISBN 0-07-118844-4, chapter 16-15.2, s. 941 (table 16-4).
Pochman, R., Simek, J.: Pilotove zaklady - Komentar k CSN 73 1002. 1st edition, Prague, Vydavatelstvi norem, 1989, 80 p.